1) Yes these 3 are definitely logarithmic. The others are linear
2) The codes are explained in the datasheet:
https://www.mouser.co.uk/datasheet/2/54/tv09-777818.pdfThe 4 in "4225F" means that there is no sleeve to the pot, so it will wobble (some early units actually have this type, because I could not get stock of the other type)
The first 2 in "4225F" means that there is a centre detent. There isn't any need for a centre detent with any of the pots. You use a detent when middle = 0 (but the Atmegatron only uses anti-clockwise = 0).
So technically and electrically PTV09A-4225F-B102 is fine, by you may find the differences annoying!
PTV09A-1025F-A203 will not fit the logarithmic pot holes. They must be "dual gang" with 6 pins.